Winter: Authenticated Twig sandbox escape in CMS SecurityPolicy (bypass of CVE-2024-54149)

Impact

Affected versions of Winter CMS allow authenticated backend users with CMS template-editing permissions to escape the Twig sandbox ("safe mode") that is meant to restrict what template code can do. Using any of the following permissions, an attacker can read and modify arbitrary database records, execute arbitrary SQL (including DDL such as DROP TABLE), exfiltrate sensitive data such as backend administrator credentials, and achieve remote code execution by injecting PHP into a CMS page, layout, or partial code section:

• cms.manage_pages
• cms.manage_layouts
• cms.manage_partials

This is an incomplete-fix follow-up to CVE-2024-54149 (GHSA-xhw3-4j3m-hq53). That fix added a blocklist of dangerous methods to System\Twig\SecurityPolicy, but the blocklist missed a large number of equivalent methods and did not account for the way Eloquent models forward calls to the query builder. As a result the sandbox could be bypassed through — among others — saveQuietly()/deleteQuietly(), increment()/decrement(), newQuery(), getConnection(), getConnectionResolver(), relation and pivot methods, and higher-order collection methods that execute callables.

To actively exploit this issue, an attacker would need an authenticated backend account with one of the permissions listed above. These permissions are intended for trusted developers/administrators, and the sandbox is the additional protection layer this advisory is concerned with.

Patches

System\Twig\SecurityPolicy has been reworked so that the blocklist reflects the real method-forwarding behaviour of the database layer rather than a flat list of method names. A method blocked on the query builder is now also blocked when it is reached through a model, Eloquent builder, or relation (via a transitive forwarder chain), which closes the __call forwarding escape that made the previous blocklist bypassable. In addition, the per-class blocklists have been expanded, the database connection and connection resolver are locked down, the source() and constant() Twig functions are restricted, and a SafeCollection/SafePaginator layer neutralises callable arguments passed to higher-order collection and paginator methods. Read-only query building continues to work as before; only data modification, raw SQL/connection access, and callable execution are blocked.

This security issue has been fixed in .